Apa khabar semua? (How is everyone doing?)
Today we will learn about nouns in Malay Language. Nouns in Malay is called as Kata Nama.
Kata = a word
Nama = name
Kata Nama (nouns) is the essence of noun phrase in Malay. We can form a phrase with only nouns without any verb. This will be explained further a bit later with examples.
They are divided into a few groups.
1. Kata nama khas = Special nouns
2. Kata nama am = General nouns
3. Kata ganti nama = Pronouns
Kata Nama Khas (Special nouns)
Kata Nama Khas or special nouns are used to address person, animals, institutions, constitutions, races, languages, ranks and etc.
Usually, special nouns’ first letter will be written in capital.
Kata Nama Khas or special nouns are further divided into two groups:
1. Hidup / Bernyawa = Living (Human / non-Human)
2. Tidak hidup / Tidak Bernyawa = Non-living
Living (Human)
|
Living (non-Human)
|
Non-living
| |||
Aminah
|
A female name
|
Jibrail
|
An angel
|
Melayu
|
A race
|
Khalid
|
A male name
|
Sang Kancil
|
A mousedeer with special name in folklore
|
Proton Satria
|
A car’s model
|
Puan Siti
|
A married lady
|
Hevea Brasiliensis
|
A tree species
|
Brunei
|
A country
|
Doktor Samy
|
A doctor
|
Tumpuk
|
A cat’s name.
|
Piala FA
|
A football trophy
|
Tengku Abdullah
|
A royal family
|
KLCC
|
A place name
| ||
Prof. Ahmad
|
A lecturer
| ||||
Examples:
Pensyarah untuk kuliah hari ini adalah Prof. Ahmad. - The lecturer for today’s lecture is Prof. Ahmad.
Malaikat yang menurunkan ayat-ayat Al-Quran kepada Nabi Muhammad adalah Jibrail - The angel who sent down the verses of Al-Quran to prophet Muhammad is Gabriel.
Salah satu model kereta Proton adalah Proton Satria. - One of Proton’s car model is Proton Satria.
Kata Nama Am (General nouns)
A general noun is a word that refers to a general object, thing or concept and it must be written in lowercase except at the beginning of a sentence.
General nouns are further divided into:
1. Concrete
2. Non-concrete
Both concrete and non-concrete nouns can consist of root words and derived words.
I will explain about Kata Dasar (Root words) and Kata Terbitan (Derived words) in another unit. Please look forward to that. :)
1-Concrete Nouns
A concrete general noun is the name of something that can be held, felt or seen.
They are further divided into four categories:
1. Manusia = Human
2. Bukan Manusia = Non-Human
3. Institusi = Institution
4. Bukan Institusi = Non-Institution
Human
|
Non-Human
| ||
ayah
|
A father
|
harimau
|
Tiger
|
ibu
|
A mother
|
lembu
|
Cow
|
cikgu
|
A teacher
|
pokok
|
Tree
|
polis
|
A police
|
malaikat
|
Angel
|
lelaki
|
A man
|
bidadari
|
Fairy
|
tukang kebun
|
A gardener
|
burung
|
Bird
|
Institution
|
Non-Institution
| ||
sekolah
|
School
|
bengkel
|
Workshop
|
organisasi
|
Organization
|
kedai
|
Shop
|
hospital
|
Hospital
|
rumah
|
House
|
balai bomba
|
Fire station
|
pantai
|
Beach
|
tadika
|
Kindergarden
|
basikal
|
Bicycle
|
pejabat pos
|
Post office
|
tuala
|
Towel
|
Examples:
Saya ada seorang ayah tiri. - I have a stepfather.
Ada banyak pokok di belakang rumah Siti. - There are many trees behind Siti’s house.
Sebuah sekolah baru akan dibina tahun depan. - A new school will be built next year.
Tiada bengkel kereta di kampung dia. - There is no car’s workshop in his / her village.
2-Non-Concrete Nouns
The non-concrete noun is the name of something imaginable or imagined.
They are further divided into two categories:
1. Abstrak yang boleh dibilang = Countable Abstract
2. Abstrak yang tidak boleh dibilang = Non-Countable Abstract
Countable abstract
|
Uncountable abstract
| ||
Senyuman
|
Smile
|
Iklim
|
Climate
|
Pendapat
|
Opinion
|
Hasrat
|
Wish
|
Cadangan
|
Suggestion
|
Ajaran
|
Teaching
|
Komen
|
Comment
|
Keindahan
|
Beauty
|
Bayangan
|
Reflection
|
Keikhlasan
|
Sincerity
|
Examples:
Kamu ada cadangan? - Do you have a suggestion?
Keindahan taman ini tidak dapat ditandingi. - The beauty of this park is unmatched.
Kata Ganti (Pronouns)
In Unit 16, we have learnt only a part of Kata Ganti (Pronouns) before which is Kata Ganti Nama untuk orang (Pronouns for people). However, there are other type of pronouns too.
They are:
1. Kata Ganti Nama Tak Tentu = Indefinite Pronouns
2. Kata Ganti Nama Tunjuk = Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Kata Ganti Tanya = Interrogative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
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Demonstrative Pronouns
|
Interrogative Pronouns
| |||
Apa-apa
|
Whatever / Whatsoever
|
Ini
|
This
|
Apa
|
What?
|
Mana-mana
|
Whichever
|
Itu
|
That
|
Siapa
|
Who? / Whom?
|
Bila-bila
|
Whenever
|
Begini
|
Like this
|
Bila
|
When?
|
Siapa-siapa / Sesiapa
|
Whoever / Whomever
|
Begitu
|
Like that
|
Bagaimana
|
How?
|
Demikian
|
Such that
|
Kenapa
|
Why?
| ||
Yang mana
|
Which?
| ||||
Siapa punya
|
Whose?
| ||||
Examples:
Beritahu saya apa-apa yang merisaukan awak. - Tell me whatever that worries you.
Cuba lihat ini. - Try to look at this.
Buat begini. - Do it like this.
Bila kamu nak makan? - When do you want to eat?
Noun sentence without verb
Nama saya Zarina.
| General noun |
Pronoun
|
Special noun
| |||
Nama
|
Nama = name,
first letter is capital letter because it is at the beginning of a sentence.
|
saya
|
Saya = I / my
|
Zarina
|
Zarina = a lady's name,
the first letter is always in capital
|
Alright, we have reached the end of the lesson. You may download this lesson in pdf form and other previous episodes too by clicking Download PDF menu.
Don’t forget to leave questions and comments. I will be glad to help you in your journey to speaking Malay fluently.
If you need a private class, do leave me a message in ILearnMalay Instagram or at Contact-Us at the blog.
Well, today's lesson ends here. Sampai jumpa lagi! (Till we meet again)